Inertia
an object's non-wanting to change states (is
measured by an object's mass). An
example of inertia is the tablecloth trick
Ohm's Law
Ohm's law has to do with resistance. V=IR is the equation for
Ohm's law. V= voltage, I= current, and R= resistance.
Units for V, I and R
Newton's 1st Law
An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in
motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
Newton's 2nd Law
acceleration is directly
proportional to force, and is inversely proportional to mass. F=ma
Newton's 3rd Law
“every action has an equal and opposite
reaction.”
Action Reaction Pair: Hammer pushes nail down, Nail pushes hammer up
Speed and Velocity
You can accelerate while keeping the same speed only
when going in a circle without changing speed. Cannot have changing
speed and have constant velocity. Difference between velocity and speed is that v requires a specific
direction and speed does not
Work/Power
For work to happen, force and distance must be PARALLEL!!Example problem:
Equation: Work=(force)(distance)
Units: Joules (J)
Equation: Power=work/time
Units: Watts
If a 600N person walks up stairs that are 4
meters high, how much work is done?
Work=F*d
Work=600N*4m
Work=2400J
When is there more work? When a person goes up
the stairs to third or when the elevator carries them to third?
The work required is the same. The upward force
against gravity (or weight) is the same, and the distance that is parallel to
that force (height) is the same, therefore work is the same. Horizontal
distance does not matter because it is perpendicular to the upward force, and
therefore contributes nothing to the work done.
When considering work, only the height matters.
Work happens to an object when force is exerted
on that object over a distance. The equation for work is work=force*time, and
it is measured in m/s or Joules. For there to be work, the force and distance
must be parallel. In this example, the person's wright, or force, is
vertical, and therefore for there to be work, the distance must be vertical as
well. Work does not happen when the distance is perpendicular to the force, or
when there is no distance.
If the force of the person is 4N, and the
staircase is 15m tall, how much work will there be?
work=force*distance
= 4N*15m
work= 60 Joules
Power is how quickly work is done. The equation
for power is Power=(work)/(time) and is measured in Watts.
If it takes the person 10 seconds to reach the
top, how much power is exerted?
Power=(work)/(time)
=60J/10s
Power=6 Watts
Coulomb's Law
Coulomb's law states that the electrical force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two objects.
Torque
Torque is a measure of how much a
force acting on an object causes that object to rotate. Torque
is equal to the force multiplied by the lever arm. Torque IS NOT equivalent to
force! Lever arm is the distance from the axis to the center of gravity.
Conservation of Momentum
Individual objects can change their momentum, but systems
cannot
Ptotal before=Ptotal after
Together in the Beginning:
mava+mbvb = mava+mbvb
Together in the Ending:
mava+mbvb=ma+bvab